The combustion process in an engine requires a precise mixture of air and fuel for efficient operation. If unfiltered air containing particles enters the engine, it can cause several issues. The particles can accumulate on sensitive engine components, such as the intake valves, cylinders, and pistons, leading to increased wear and potential damage. Additionally, excessive dirt and debris can negatively impact the fuel efficiency and overall performance of the engine.

By trapping harmful particles, the air filter helps maintain the quality of the air entering the engine. It typically consists of a filter element made of paper, foam, or fabric, arranged in a housing. As air flows through the filter, the filter material captures the contaminants while allowing clean air to pass through. Over time, the filter becomes clogged with trapped debris and needs to be replaced or cleaned to maintain optimal performance.

Regular maintenance of the air filter is crucial to ensure proper engine function. Neglecting to replace a dirty or clogged air filter can restrict airflow, leading to reduced engine performance, decreased fuel efficiency, and potential engine damage in severe cases. Most vehicle manufacturers provide guidelines on when to inspect and replace the air filter, usually based on mileage or a specified time interval.